Thursday 9 May 2013
Thursday 25 April 2013
Film Censorship Mock
"Film censorship is motivated by fears about audiences and technologies." Discuss this statement in reference to the concerns expressed about uncensored and unregulated video content in Britain in the early 1980s.
Many films during the 1980s had very graphic and gory images, which people didn't like to watch. Therefore, they didn't watch the films like that leading to a downfall in cinema attendance and a lose in profit for film producers, and the studios selling food and drinks. This didn't apply to certain age ranges, because the films are certificated, for example 18 or 21. But this didn't stop people who were under age to watch horror 'video nasties', and technology has introduced VHS, so anyone can watch these films. The main fear is that the younger generation will be influenced and like what they see on screen and try and copy some of the things they see. Studio's also fear that no-one will ever attend the cinema ever, due to VHS.
Owning a VCR in the 80s made people look wealthy and 'cooler' than people who didn't own one. As this was new to people, they found it fashionable to stay at home. VCR allows people to easily watch videos in the comfort of their own homes without having to go out and pay for an expensive cinema ticket. This was also more convenient for people who couldn't easily travel to cinemas. The disadvantage of this was that film piracy had risen, creating a threat for cinemas and a huge drop in cinema attendance.
Secondly, video nasties caused a lot of discussions about whether these types of films should be shown to the public. Low budget films, like The Evil Dead, should have some film censorship due to the explosive images that people see when watching films like it. The fear of some people not liking these types of films cause a threat to cinemas earning money. This is because people were too afraid of going to see video nasties, for reasons such as not liking blood or disliking the idea of death and guts on big screens. The reason people were so shocked about video nasties is that it was so uncommon to see it in films in the 80s.
There was a way of preventing younger people from seeing nudity and violence, through the use of pro censorship. This protected the viewer from seeing any pornographic material and harmful information. It also prevents violent events from being viewed, only promoting good morals. That meant that inappropriate material could not be viewed by. UK pressure group, national viewers and listeners association was a campaign founded in 1965. It was against broadcasts of media that contained sex, violence and blasphemy It was a follow on from the "clean up TV campaign" which was released the year before.
Overall, I feel that film censorship is motivated by fears about audiences as they will be restricted from what type of films that are available at the cinema. Many people don't like the idea of seeing very explicit and sexual content on their screens. But this was only in the 1980s as they didn't expect that kind of material which shocked them. In the present day, we have become de-sensitized to this sort of material as many films contain it. Also, younger people have had easier access to horror films due to the quick development of films. To quite a high extent, some parts of the films should have been censored due to how they might play with peoples minds and make society corrupt. On the other hand, this will make films boring as some people find it entertaining to watch. Therefore, some people may not watch censored films.
Many films during the 1980s had very graphic and gory images, which people didn't like to watch. Therefore, they didn't watch the films like that leading to a downfall in cinema attendance and a lose in profit for film producers, and the studios selling food and drinks. This didn't apply to certain age ranges, because the films are certificated, for example 18 or 21. But this didn't stop people who were under age to watch horror 'video nasties', and technology has introduced VHS, so anyone can watch these films. The main fear is that the younger generation will be influenced and like what they see on screen and try and copy some of the things they see. Studio's also fear that no-one will ever attend the cinema ever, due to VHS.
Owning a VCR in the 80s made people look wealthy and 'cooler' than people who didn't own one. As this was new to people, they found it fashionable to stay at home. VCR allows people to easily watch videos in the comfort of their own homes without having to go out and pay for an expensive cinema ticket. This was also more convenient for people who couldn't easily travel to cinemas. The disadvantage of this was that film piracy had risen, creating a threat for cinemas and a huge drop in cinema attendance.
Secondly, video nasties caused a lot of discussions about whether these types of films should be shown to the public. Low budget films, like The Evil Dead, should have some film censorship due to the explosive images that people see when watching films like it. The fear of some people not liking these types of films cause a threat to cinemas earning money. This is because people were too afraid of going to see video nasties, for reasons such as not liking blood or disliking the idea of death and guts on big screens. The reason people were so shocked about video nasties is that it was so uncommon to see it in films in the 80s.
There was a way of preventing younger people from seeing nudity and violence, through the use of pro censorship. This protected the viewer from seeing any pornographic material and harmful information. It also prevents violent events from being viewed, only promoting good morals. That meant that inappropriate material could not be viewed by. UK pressure group, national viewers and listeners association was a campaign founded in 1965. It was against broadcasts of media that contained sex, violence and blasphemy It was a follow on from the "clean up TV campaign" which was released the year before.
Overall, I feel that film censorship is motivated by fears about audiences as they will be restricted from what type of films that are available at the cinema. Many people don't like the idea of seeing very explicit and sexual content on their screens. But this was only in the 1980s as they didn't expect that kind of material which shocked them. In the present day, we have become de-sensitized to this sort of material as many films contain it. Also, younger people have had easier access to horror films due to the quick development of films. To quite a high extent, some parts of the films should have been censored due to how they might play with peoples minds and make society corrupt. On the other hand, this will make films boring as some people find it entertaining to watch. Therefore, some people may not watch censored films.
Wednesday 24 April 2013
3d homework
Directors on 3d
social - everybody feels uncomfortable wearing 3d glasses, which makes them less popular for certain people.
technology - despite 'extraordinary work' being carried out in 3d, Danny Boyle doubts the technology will survive.
Martin Scorsese says - 3d is special with that extra element.
'Pacific Rim' to get 3d conversion
economic - other big budget production companies aren't spending money to do 3d post-modern films, but warner bros isn't.
Kermode: 2d or not 2d?
How 3d works:
In 3d you can tell whether something is further away and with 2d you can't.
3d glasses take 3d pictures and turn them into 2d so there is no point in watching a 3d film.
3d is supposed to draw into the drama and it isn't about things that point out at you
technology: films are better in 2d as the image is clearer and brighter and not alienated by the 3d glasses.
cameras developed by NASA.
2009 was the year of 3d - when 3d looked like it could be the future of the cinema
3d is all about the image, it doesn't add to the story/drama, it can't do that much
Resurgence of 3d
online movie piracy:
you can't watch 3d films at home
The industry is the problem for online movie piracy, and the consumers aren't. Hard copies are taken from somewhere within the industry so the public are not to blame.
3d is not the answer to cinema's problems
people are being ripped off
tech: Avatar used 3d as a cinematographic tool
social: audiences for films in 3d are projected to decline in 2013, first drop since 3d exploded with Avatar in 2009. ground breaking digital 3d technology
having to wear glasses puts people off the idea of 3d viewing
economic - avatar became the biggest grossing film of all time
people now have HD smart/3d enabled TV's therefore don;t need to go to the cinema and watch 3d films
social - everybody feels uncomfortable wearing 3d glasses, which makes them less popular for certain people.
technology - despite 'extraordinary work' being carried out in 3d, Danny Boyle doubts the technology will survive.
Martin Scorsese says - 3d is special with that extra element.
'Pacific Rim' to get 3d conversion
economic - other big budget production companies aren't spending money to do 3d post-modern films, but warner bros isn't.
Kermode: 2d or not 2d?
How 3d works:
In 3d you can tell whether something is further away and with 2d you can't.
3d glasses take 3d pictures and turn them into 2d so there is no point in watching a 3d film.
3d is supposed to draw into the drama and it isn't about things that point out at you
technology: films are better in 2d as the image is clearer and brighter and not alienated by the 3d glasses.
cameras developed by NASA.
2009 was the year of 3d - when 3d looked like it could be the future of the cinema
3d is all about the image, it doesn't add to the story/drama, it can't do that much
Resurgence of 3d
online movie piracy:
you can't watch 3d films at home
The industry is the problem for online movie piracy, and the consumers aren't. Hard copies are taken from somewhere within the industry so the public are not to blame.
3d is not the answer to cinema's problems
people are being ripped off
tech: Avatar used 3d as a cinematographic tool
social: audiences for films in 3d are projected to decline in 2013, first drop since 3d exploded with Avatar in 2009. ground breaking digital 3d technology
having to wear glasses puts people off the idea of 3d viewing
economic - avatar became the biggest grossing film of all time
people now have HD smart/3d enabled TV's therefore don;t need to go to the cinema and watch 3d films
Wednesday 20 March 2013
Questions and Answers - Multiplexes/Cinema Attendance
When was the first Multiplex in the UK?
The Point, Milton Keynes, was the UK's first multiplex and opened in 1985.
What was cinema attendance like in this time?
Cinema attendance was relatively low during the 80s, and even in the late 60s and 70s.
What films were being played in the new Multiplexes (name and year)?
The Breakfast Club (1985)
Who's That Girl (1987)
Godzilla (1985)
How were these Multiplexes encouraging audiences to go to the cinema?
Newly converted multiplexes were big, spacious and had new screens which delivered films with a high quality compared to flea pits Multiplexes main audiences were teenagers as they are the most likely age group to go out and visit the cinema. They attracted them by many attractions such as fast food, free parking, and making the films look interesting.
Where are these Multiplexes built instead of the High Street and why?
They are usually built in out-of-town sites close to motorways that allowed plentiful space for surface car parking and offered fast food outlets/shops/other attractions for their target audience.
What had happened to audience leisure patterns that meant 'Flea pit' cinemas lost popularity?
VHS was introduced allowing people to watch films and rent them at home. People were reluctant to spending money due to recession, and preferred to stay at home to watch a movie.
What advantages did Multiplexes offer cinema audiences and film distributors over Fleapits?
Multiplex guarantees a larger audience due to more screens, with a higher sound and picture quality, whereas flea pits are run-down and have very little quality.
What reasons was cinema attendance low?
As technology is developing very quickly, people are finding ways of illegally downloading films online and watching them for free instead of having to pay high cinema ticket prices.
The Point, Milton Keynes, was the UK's first multiplex and opened in 1985.
What was cinema attendance like in this time?
Cinema attendance was relatively low during the 80s, and even in the late 60s and 70s.
What films were being played in the new Multiplexes (name and year)?
The Breakfast Club (1985)
Who's That Girl (1987)
Godzilla (1985)
How were these Multiplexes encouraging audiences to go to the cinema?
Newly converted multiplexes were big, spacious and had new screens which delivered films with a high quality compared to flea pits Multiplexes main audiences were teenagers as they are the most likely age group to go out and visit the cinema. They attracted them by many attractions such as fast food, free parking, and making the films look interesting.
Where are these Multiplexes built instead of the High Street and why?
They are usually built in out-of-town sites close to motorways that allowed plentiful space for surface car parking and offered fast food outlets/shops/other attractions for their target audience.
What had happened to audience leisure patterns that meant 'Flea pit' cinemas lost popularity?
VHS was introduced allowing people to watch films and rent them at home. People were reluctant to spending money due to recession, and preferred to stay at home to watch a movie.
What advantages did Multiplexes offer cinema audiences and film distributors over Fleapits?
Multiplex guarantees a larger audience due to more screens, with a higher sound and picture quality, whereas flea pits are run-down and have very little quality.
What reasons was cinema attendance low?
As technology is developing very quickly, people are finding ways of illegally downloading films online and watching them for free instead of having to pay high cinema ticket prices.
Fleapits & Multiplexes
How multiplex cinemas saved the British film industry 25 years ago
Technology:
several-screens-in-a-shed phenomenon
the point - with ten screens, the UK's first true multiplex, had arrived
start-of-the-art technology (made an impact on British market)
Cannon opened the second British multiplex at Salford Quays in December 1986, and between 1987 and 1991 around 500 new screens sprung up nationwide
The multiplex is currently pupating, waiting for it's next phase of evolution, as digital projection and 3D arrive.
Economic:
copious free parking space
a vast array of snacks on sale
The point sold 2m tickets in its first two years
Social:
Mid-80s - cinema attendance was in the doldrums (low)
The impact the Point had: "You couldn't move in the foyer on a Saturday night. There were so many people there waiting for shows to start."
increased choice of films (impact on British market)
a miracle in a climate that had seen the national cinema attendance drop to just 55m by 1984 (the peak had been 1.6bn in 1946)
new screens sprung up 1987-1991, by which point British cinema admissions had risen to 100m.
The Point was the beneficiary of a push to revive the UK film industry: 1985 was declared British Film Year, and a PR campaign was launched on behalf of cinemagoing.
Cinemas and Cinemagoing: More screens, more choice
In the early 1970s, the circuit cinemas in the smaller towns and suburbs began to be subdivided into three-screen 'film centres'.
Many Odeons were inexpensively converted into 'triples', without closing, by blocking off the rear stalls and subdividing the space into two small cinemas.
These provided poor sightlines and tiny screens had sound penetration problems.
ABC cinemas closed for conversion into three auditoria - new screens - greater capacities.
Technology:
60s/70s - low cinema attendance due to further television channels and arrival of video (enabling renting of films)
1985 - new ten-screen 'multiplex' cinema*
Modern generation of multiplexes - large screens in large auditoria, state-of-the-art sound systems, stepped seating and generous leg room.
'Premier screens' charge higher prices for more luxurious seating, private bars and other extras.
From the late 1990s, the range of titles reduced as several prints of major attractions are shown in different auditoria with staggered starting times.
Economic:
Cinemas became dependant on sales of food
Social:
Late 60s/Early 70s - attendence continued to decline because of high ticket prices, and widespread of feeling that cinemagoing was no longer a fashionable activity.
Annual admissions reached a low of 54m in the 80s - half the figure of 5 years before.
* 1985 (info cont.) - ten-screen multiplex attracted over 100m within first year. Many attractions such as fast food for their key audience, teenagers.
The cinema boss who made room for a Vue
Economic:
The great depression of 1929 ushered and the repeated in the 1970s, 80s and 90s.
UK box office grossed £1.05bn in 2009.
Data shows cinema attendances held up in the recessions of 1974 to 1976, 1980 to 1982, and 1990 to 1993.
Vue has saved billions of dollars processing and transporting the 35mm prints into digital projectors.
Technology:
Cinemas have been showing many basic forms of 3D films since the 1920s.
The leap of digital 3D began in earnest with the release of Chicken Little in 2005.
Vue has 68 cinema sites - 654 screens across the UK - state-of-the-art digital projectors to replace 35mm film.
Social:
Many industry executives feared the downfall box office grossings "many people were nervous"
People have scaled back on buying cars and holidaying abroad, and spend more on activities at home. Recession leads to an "increased demand in escapism as a psychological response".
Cinema attendance was the high-water mark for 2004 - 176 million, but in 2006 it was in the doldrums.
C.A was boosted by the success of Slumdog Millionaire and the latest Harry Potter movie, then Avatar.
Technology:
several-screens-in-a-shed phenomenon
the point - with ten screens, the UK's first true multiplex, had arrived
start-of-the-art technology (made an impact on British market)
Cannon opened the second British multiplex at Salford Quays in December 1986, and between 1987 and 1991 around 500 new screens sprung up nationwide
The multiplex is currently pupating, waiting for it's next phase of evolution, as digital projection and 3D arrive.
Economic:
copious free parking space
a vast array of snacks on sale
The point sold 2m tickets in its first two years
Social:
Mid-80s - cinema attendance was in the doldrums (low)
The impact the Point had: "You couldn't move in the foyer on a Saturday night. There were so many people there waiting for shows to start."
increased choice of films (impact on British market)
a miracle in a climate that had seen the national cinema attendance drop to just 55m by 1984 (the peak had been 1.6bn in 1946)
new screens sprung up 1987-1991, by which point British cinema admissions had risen to 100m.
The Point was the beneficiary of a push to revive the UK film industry: 1985 was declared British Film Year, and a PR campaign was launched on behalf of cinemagoing.
Cinemas and Cinemagoing: More screens, more choice
In the early 1970s, the circuit cinemas in the smaller towns and suburbs began to be subdivided into three-screen 'film centres'.
Many Odeons were inexpensively converted into 'triples', without closing, by blocking off the rear stalls and subdividing the space into two small cinemas.
These provided poor sightlines and tiny screens had sound penetration problems.
ABC cinemas closed for conversion into three auditoria - new screens - greater capacities.
Technology:
60s/70s - low cinema attendance due to further television channels and arrival of video (enabling renting of films)
1985 - new ten-screen 'multiplex' cinema*
Modern generation of multiplexes - large screens in large auditoria, state-of-the-art sound systems, stepped seating and generous leg room.
'Premier screens' charge higher prices for more luxurious seating, private bars and other extras.
From the late 1990s, the range of titles reduced as several prints of major attractions are shown in different auditoria with staggered starting times.
Economic:
Cinemas became dependant on sales of food
Social:
Late 60s/Early 70s - attendence continued to decline because of high ticket prices, and widespread of feeling that cinemagoing was no longer a fashionable activity.
Annual admissions reached a low of 54m in the 80s - half the figure of 5 years before.
* 1985 (info cont.) - ten-screen multiplex attracted over 100m within first year. Many attractions such as fast food for their key audience, teenagers.
The cinema boss who made room for a Vue
Economic:
The great depression of 1929 ushered and the repeated in the 1970s, 80s and 90s.
UK box office grossed £1.05bn in 2009.
Data shows cinema attendances held up in the recessions of 1974 to 1976, 1980 to 1982, and 1990 to 1993.
Vue has saved billions of dollars processing and transporting the 35mm prints into digital projectors.
Technology:
Cinemas have been showing many basic forms of 3D films since the 1920s.
The leap of digital 3D began in earnest with the release of Chicken Little in 2005.
Vue has 68 cinema sites - 654 screens across the UK - state-of-the-art digital projectors to replace 35mm film.
Social:
Many industry executives feared the downfall box office grossings "many people were nervous"
People have scaled back on buying cars and holidaying abroad, and spend more on activities at home. Recession leads to an "increased demand in escapism as a psychological response".
Cinema attendance was the high-water mark for 2004 - 176 million, but in 2006 it was in the doldrums.
C.A was boosted by the success of Slumdog Millionaire and the latest Harry Potter movie, then Avatar.
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